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Language has the power to shape how we see ourselves and others. The words we use to describe people can either uplift them or diminish their worth. This is especially true for individuals who have faced incarceration, substance use, or other challenges. In my work and personal life, I’ve come to understand the importance of person-first language—an approach that emphasizes the individual before their circumstances or actions.

Person-first language is about recognizing that a person’s identity is not defined by their experiences, struggles, or mistakes. Instead of saying “ex-convict,” we say “justice-involved individual.” Instead of labeling someone as an “addict,” we refer to them as a “person in recovery” or “someone actively using substances.” This shift in language reminds us that every individual is more than a single chapter in their story.

Why does this matter? For many, a label can feel like a life sentence. When someone is constantly referred to by their past mistakes, it reinforces the stigma and shame they may already feel. It can create barriers to opportunities, relationships, and even self-worth. But when we use language that acknowledges their humanity first, we open the door for growth, redemption, and healing.

Here are some examples of person-first language that highlight the individual rather than their circumstances:

• Instead of “addict,” say “person in recovery” or “person actively using substances.”

• Instead of “homeless,” say “person experiencing homelessness.”

• Instead of “prisoner” or “inmate,” say “incarcerated individual” or “person who is incarcerated.”

• Instead of “ex-convict,” say “justice-involved individual” or “person with a conviction.”

• Instead of “felon,” say “individual with a felony conviction.”

• Instead of “victim,” say “person who has experienced trauma” or “person impacted by crime.”

• Instead of “disabled person,” say “person with a disability.”

• Instead of “juvenile delinquent,” say “youth involved in the justice system.”

• Instead of “substance abuser,” say “person with a substance use disorder.”

• Instead of “mentally ill,” say “person with a mental health condition” or “person living with mental illness.”

These examples show how small shifts in language can lead to big changes in how people are perceived and treated. They help create a narrative that focuses on the individual’s humanity and potential, rather than defining them solely by their challenges or circumstances.

I’ve seen the difference this makes, both in my personal journey and in my work with Persevere. Justice-involved individuals face countless challenges when they return to society—finding employment, housing, and a sense of belonging. When they are reduced to a label, it makes those challenges even harder to overcome. But when we speak about them with respect and dignity, we can start to shift societal perceptions and encourage others to see their potential.

Person-first language doesn’t ignore the reality of someone’s situation. It doesn’t erase the impact of their choices or experiences. Instead, it offers a way to talk about those realities without defining a person solely by them. It’s about balance—acknowledging where someone has been while focusing on where they are headed.

I’ve also found that person-first language fosters empathy. It encourages us to see others as human beings with hopes, struggles, and dreams. It challenges us to move beyond stereotypes and assumptions. When we say “a person experiencing homelessness” instead of “homeless,” it reminds us that homelessness is a situation, not an identity. This shift in perspective can inspire us to approach others with kindness and understanding rather than judgment.

This approach to language isn’t just for others—it’s also for ourselves. Many of us carry labels that we didn’t choose. For years, I struggled with defining myself by my mistakes and the hardships I faced. It wasn’t until I began to see myself as more than those moments that I could truly grow. Using person-first language internally can be a powerful tool for self-compassion and personal growth.

Person-first language is a small change with a big impact. It’s a way to honor the humanity in each of us. It’s a reminder that no one should be reduced to their worst day or defined by their struggles. We all have stories, and we all deserve the chance to write new chapters. By choosing words that reflect this belief, we can create a world that sees the person first—and that makes all the difference.

For further insights on the significance of person-first language, consider exploring The Marshall Project’s article, “People-First Language Matters. So Does the Rest of the Story.”